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What is Helicobacter pylori? Results of research on OLL2716 lactic acid bacteria (in relation to Helicobacter pylori) What is functional dyspepsia (FD)? Results of research on OLL2716 lactic acid bacteria (in relation to FD)

What is Helicobacter pylori?

Helicobacter pylori

Did you know that this bacterium was once thought to be carried by one in four Japanese people (approximately 35 million)? It’s called Helicobacter pylori, and is known to cause gastritis, stomach ulcer, stomach cancer, etc.

As its nomenclature “Helicobacter pylori” suggests, the bacterium belongs to the genus of Helicobacter, which means “helical bacteria” and this taxonomic category was newly created in 1989. The name was given to the bacterium because it is commonly found near the pylorus near the opening of the stomach connecting to the small intestine. Its size is typically 2.5–5 µm.

Helicobacter pylori feeds off glycoproteins and mucin that mainly comprise the mucus secreted from the gastric membrane in humans, which is a microaerophilic bacterium that can live in a low-oxygen environment. In the gastric mucus of an infected person, there are as many as 10 million to 100 million Helicobacter pylori bacteria per ml, which cause gastritis and other negative effects.

Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter pylori
In terms of its anatomy, Helicobacter pylori has several flagella growing out of the end of its body that it uses to move around. When the human stomach sends ingested food into the intestines, Helicobacter pylori is known to spin its flagella about 100 times per second in such stream of food and can remain in the stomach mucus of humans for a long time.

Cause of gastritis, stomach ulcer, and stomach cancer

The leading cause of death among Japanese is cancer. Stomach cancer is a major cancer on the list of most fatal diseases.

Helicobacter pylori, which is known to cause gastritis, stomach ulcer, and stomach cancer, can spread in unhygienic environments without a proper sewerage system, or from mothers to their children by mouth-feeding, etc. If a person gets infected with Helicobacter pylori at a young age through one of these ways, the person must suffer the bacteria for the rest of their life. Once Helicobacter pylori enters the body, it will settle in the stomach where it damages the mucosa and causes inflammation. It is known that such inflammation can trigger the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Feature (1) History of Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori was first discovered in 1982, by Australian pathologist Dr. Robin Warren and gastroenterologist Dr. Barry Marshall. When Marshall, a physician specializing in the digestive organs, ingested Helicobacter pylori, he developed gastritis, which led him to identify the causal relation between the two. Many people around the world are infected with this bacterium, with infection rates particularly high in Southeast Asia and other areas where sewerage systems are not widely available. In Japan, the infection rate is higher among the elderly, but lower among the younger generation, who were born in an era when sanitary conditions were better.
Feature (2) Origin of Helicobacter pylori
It was as recently as 2007 that it was discovered that we humans have been dealing with Helicobacter pylori for as long as we have walked the earth. When a joint Western research team collected Helicobacter pylori from a total of 769 individuals representing 51 different ethnic groups around the world and ran a gene analysis, and classified the specimens into six different groups by geographic region such as Africa, the Helicobacter pylori that parasitized East African natives was found to be the oldest strain. This finding indicates that when the first humans migrated from East Africa to various corners of the world 58,000 years ago, Helicobacter pylori hitched a ride and spread globally.